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RN补充

1、【单选题】The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?

A、1. Weight loss and dry skin

B、2. Flat neck and hand veins and decreased urinary output

C、3. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations

D、4. Weakness and decreased central venous pressure (CVP)

2、【单选题】The nurse is reading a health care provider’s (HCP’s) progress notes in the client’s record and reads that the HCP has documented “insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily.” The nurse makes a notation that insensible fluid loss occurs through which type of excretion?

A、1. Urinary output

B、2. Wound drainage

C、3. Integumentary output

D、 4. The gastrointestinal tract

3、【单选题】The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients’ medical records, the nurse determines that which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit?

A、1. A client with an ileostomy

B、2. A client with heart failure

C、3. A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy

D、4. A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

4、【单选题】The nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous (IV) diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition?

A、1. Weight loss and poor skin turgor

B、2. Lung congestion and increased heart rate

C、3. Decreased hematocrit and increased urine output

D、4. Increased respirations and increased blood pressure

5、【单选题】On review of the clients’ medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for fluid volume excess?

A、1. The client taking diuretics and has tenting of the skin

B、2. The client with an ileostomy from a recent abdominal surgery

C、3. The client who requires intermittent gastrointestinal suctioning

D、4. The client with kidney disease and a 12-year history

2.3脱水

1、【单选题】关于体液平衡的叙述，下列错误的是

A、成年男性体液总量占体重的60%

B、细胞内液大部分在骨骼肌内，占体重的40%

C、组织间液和血浆称细胞外液，占体重的20%

D、位于体腔内的液体称为第三间隙，属于功能性细胞外液

2、【单选题】等渗性脱水时，第一个24小时的前8小时补液的量为

A、1/2

B、1/3

C、1/4

D、1/5

3、【单选题】张某，男，40岁，因恶心呕吐，停止排便排气一天入院，表现为口渴，尿少，眼球下陷，脉速，血压为90/60mmHg,请估计其缺水性质和程度

A、中度等渗性缺水

B、中度高渗性缺水

C、重度高渗性缺水

D、重度低渗性缺水

4、【单选题】患者.男，25岁，因高热2天未进饮食，自诉口渴，尿少色黄。体检：口舌干燥，皮肤弹性差，眼窝凹陷，尿比重为1.028，血清钠浓度为156mmol/L，应首先输入的液体是

A、3%氯化钠溶液

B、5%碳酸氢钠溶液

C、5%葡萄糖溶液

D、平衡液

5、【单选题】对一个术后禁食的成年患者（无其他体液失衡），每日静脉输液总量至少为

A、1500ml

B、2500ml

C、3500ml

D、4000ml

6、【单选题】高热患者，极度口渴，尿量减少，唇干，皮肤弹性差，眼窝凹陷。最可能为下列哪种脱水

A、轻度高渗性脱水

B、中度高渗性脱水

C、轻度等渗性脱水

D、中度等渗性脱水

7、【单选题】针对剧烈呕吐和（或）腹泻的病人的病情观察，下列哪些项目有助于机体有无失水及 其严重程度的判断，除外

A、生命体征

B、尿量

C、皮肤弹性

D、肠鸣音

8、【单选题】在重度等渗性缺水或休克时，输入大量的等渗盐水，可出现

A、水中毒

B、血钠升高

C、氯化钠过剩

D、高氯性酸中毒

9、【单选题】某男，慢性肠瘘 １月余，感觉疲乏、头晕软弱无力，测其血清钠为 130mmol/L。补充病 人所丢失的液体，首选下列哪种液体

A、５％葡萄糖

B、１０％葡萄糖

C、０．９％氯化钠

D、５％氯化钠

10、【单选题】判断脱水性质最常用的检查指标是

A、体重

B、尿量

C、皮肤弹性

D、血清钠

RN补充

1、【单选题】 The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?

A、1. Muscle twitches

B、2. Decreased urinary output

C、3. Hyperactive bowel sounds

D、4. Increased specific gravity of the urine

RN补充

1、【单选题】 The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client’s record and determines that the client is at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation?

A、1. Sustained tissue damage

B、2. Requires nasogastric suction

C、3. Has a history of Addison’s disease

D、4. Uric acid level of 9.4 mg/dL (559 µmol/L)

2、【多选题】 Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take to plan for preparation and administration of the potassium? Select all that apply.

A、1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.

B、 2. Monitor urine output during administration.

C、3. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.

D、4. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.

3、【多选题】 The nurse reviews a client’s electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). Which patterns should the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply.

A、1. U waves

B、2. Absent P waves

C、3. Inverted T waves

D、4. Depressed ST segment

2.5钾代谢失调

1、【单选题】高钾血症引起急性心律失常时应

A、50%葡萄糖100ml静脉推注

B、5%葡萄糖100ml静脉推注

C、10%葡萄糖酸钙20ml稀释后静脉推注

D、5%碳酸氢钠溶液静脉推注

2、【单选题】在静脉补钾时，500ml生理盐水中最多可加入10%氯化钾的量是

A、30ml

B、20ml

C、15ml

D、12ml

3、【单选题】静脉补钾的先决条件是

A、尿量在40ml以上

B、浓度在0.3%以上

C、速度在60滴/分以下

D、最多不超过6-8g/d

4、【单选题】患者，女，50岁，频繁呕吐多日，不能饮食，出现脱水，低血钾，补液时家属心急，私自将补液速度加快，发生了高血钾，此时治疗是

A、硫酸镁

B、氯化铵

C、2%碳酸氢钠

D、葡萄糖酸钙

5、【单选题】患者，男，45岁，肠梗阻术后禁食4天，乏力、恶心、心悸，心电图示T波低平，有U波，拟诊为低钾血症，其根本的原因是

A、入量不足

B、排出过多

C、体内转移

D、代谢性酸中毒

6、【单选题】低钾血症患者最早出现的临床表现是

A、.肠麻痹

B、肌无力

C、心动过缓

D、恶心，呕吐

7、【单选题】低钾血症可引起

A、酸中毒

B、碱中毒

C、高渗性脱水

D、低渗性脱水

8、【单选题】Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)?

A、1. The client with colitis

B、2. The client with Cushing’s syndrome

C、3. The client who has been overusing laxatives

D、4. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

RN补充

1、【单选题】The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client for manifestations of which disorder that the client is at risk for?

A、1. Metabolic acidosis

B、2. Metabolic alkalosis

C、3. Respiratory acidosis

D、4. Respiratory alkalosis

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