天津开放大学化工专业英语作业答案

化工专业英语

学校: 天津开放大学

平台: 国家开放大学

题目如下：

1. Heat transfer:传热，该短语翻译是否正确？

答案: 正确

2. Forced convection：强制对流，该短语翻译是否正确？

答案: 正确

3. Freeze drying：冷冻干燥，该短语翻译是否正确？

答案: 正确

4. Hydrophoby，该单词可用以下句子来解释： The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.

答案: 正确

5. Carbon dioxide，该短语可用以下句子来解释：A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.

答案: 正确

6. 聚丙烯PP的英文全称是Polyethylene。

答案: 错误

7. 冷却水CW的英文全称是Cooling Water。

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8. A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the fluids are directly contacted.交换器是一种有效地将两种流体进行热交换的装置，这两种流体是被固体壁垒隔开，避免两者混合，或者直接接触。该句翻译是否正确？

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9. At steady state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray is at equilibrium. 在稳态条件下，每块塔板上的水汽和液体达到平衡。该句翻译是否正确？

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10. Separation processes can essentially be termed as mass transfer processes. 分离过程基本上可以被称为传质过程。该句翻译是否正确？

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11. However, success will most likely require a concerted approach across all areas of science, strong leadership, and a willingness to strategically invest in human capital and value fundamental research.译文：然而，成功很可能需要在所有科学领域采取协调一致的方法，强有力的领导，并愿意战略性地投资于人力资本和重视基础研究。该句翻译是否正确？

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12. Which is an element(s)?

A. CO

B. Na 2 S

C. C

D. CaC 2

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13. （ ）makes up three quarters of the air we breathe.

A. hydrogen

B. oxygen

C. dinitrogen

D. nitrogen

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14. Which is the symbol for the SI base unit of mass ?

A. m

B. g

C. kg

D. gr

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15. Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the（ ）industy.

A. building

B. paper-making

C. transportation

D. glass –making

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16. （ ）kinds of chemical compounds are now known.

A. nine million

B. one million

C. ten million

D. .a hunre million

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17. Nothing is a function of position except between the inlet pipe and the reactor entrance, where mixing is assumed to occur instantly!句中 where 为关系副词，引导（ ）从句。

A. 条件状语

B. 非限制性定语

C. 限制性定语

D. 时间状语

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18. Enzymes are proteins that may be either isolated molecules in solution (homogeneous) or molecules bound to large macromolecules or to a cell wall (heterogeneous).句中 that 为关系代词，引导（ ）从句，指代 proteins。

A. 条件状语

B. 定语

C. 宾语

D. 时间状语

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19. The use of these devices is restricted to the measurement of small to medium volume flows of low molecular weight liquids free of solid components.句中 free of 意为（ ）

A. 空闲的

B. 自由的

C. 有……的

D. 无……的

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20. Open steam is being blown into the tank, mixing with the other materials in it. Closed steam is passing through a coil, being kept separate from the tank contents.本句使用进行时强调两种蒸汽（ ）。

A. 不同动作的持续性

B. 正在进行

C. 通常发生

D. 过去进行

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21. The P&ID will be too diff icult to understand when equipment symbols are stacked on each other and the connection between the symbols and the equipment callouts are diff icult to be identif ied.句中的 too…to…结构意为（ ）

A. 不但……而且……

B. 太……而不能

C. 或者……或者……

D. 直到……才……

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22. Molybdenum is about a thousand times less expensive than platinum, and a thousand times more abundant.英文三倍和三倍以上倍数比较的写法为“基数词 +（ ）+ more/less than…”

A. time

B. times

C. sometimes

D. some times

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23. The principle of the conservation of energy states that in a steady flow the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a stream line is the same at all points on that stream line. 句中第一个 that 为连词，引导宾语从句，宾语从句为（ ）结构，主干为 the sum is the same，其余部分为修饰语。

A. 主谓宾

B. 主系表

C. 主谓

D. 主谓宾宾补

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24. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying air temperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adversely affect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burning of the dried product. 句中连词 since 引导状语从句，意为（ ）。

A. 自从

B. 然而

C. 因为

D. 所以

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25. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimate contacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more of the constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中The process of absorption指（ ）过程。

A. 吸收

B. 精馏

C. 过滤

D. 干燥

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26. Heat exchanger：换热器，该短语翻译是否正确？

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27. A fractionating column：精馏塔，该短语翻译是否正确？

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28. Heat Conduction: 热对流，该短语翻译是否正确？

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29. Wetting agent，该短语可用以下句子A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.

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30. Fluorine，该单词可用以下句子A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.

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31. 催化重整CR的英文全称是Catalytic Reforming。

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32. The unit operations form the fundamental principles of chemical engineering.化工仪表构成了化工系统的基本原则。该句翻译是否正确？

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33. Heat exchangers are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, space heating, power generation, and chemical processing.换热器广泛应用于冷却、空调、供暖、发电、化学处理。该句翻译是否正确？

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34. Examples include toxic chemicals or solvents and explosive materials. 例如有毒化学品或溶剂以及易爆物品。该句翻译是否正确？

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35. No medium is necessary for radiation to occur. 辐射必须发生在无介质的场所中。该句翻译是否正确？

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36. Green Chemistry has been tremendously successful in devising ways to reduce pollution through synthetic eff iciency, catalysis, and improvements in solvent technology.句中 to reduce 为不定式，作状语。该说法是否正确？

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37. Which is the symbol for the SI base unit of mass ?

A. m

B. g

C. kg

D. gr

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38. Which mixture is most likely to be an ideal solution?

A. CH2CH2OH and CH3(CH2)3 CH3

B. CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH3

C. CH3CH2OH and H2O

D. NaOH and H2O

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39. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from（ ） .

A. urea

B. nitric acid

C. sulphuric acid

D. ammonia

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40. （ ）is not categorized as high-volume sectors.

A. sulphuric acid

B. chlor-alkali

C. polythene

D. carbondioxide

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41. （ ）is not included in the types of Industrial Research and Development.

A. product development

B. process development

C. manufacturing improvement

D. application development

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42. The other limit where the fluid flow is simple is the tubular reactor, where the fluid is completely unmixed and flows down the tube as a plug.句中第一个 where 为关系副词，引导（ ）从句。

A. 条件状语

B. 定语

C. 宾语

D. 时间状语

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43. Essentially constant conditions are known to exist in both the horizontal and vertical directions in both short and long beds.本句采用（ ）语态。

A. 被动

B. 主动

C. 过去

D. 现在

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44. For enclosed vessels, it is necessary to locate a second sensing point above the liquid surface, to eliminate the effect of any absolute pressure fluctuations.be necessary ，后接（ ）。

A. to doing

B. doing

C. to do

D. do

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45. The controller type or the parameters to be adjusted on the controller must be chosen or optimized in accordance with the expected dynamic behavior of the control circuit.词组 in accordance with 意为（ ）。

A. 如果……

B. 因为……

C. 依据……

D. 为了……

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46. Its advantage over steam distillation is that it operates at a lower temperature, which can separate the plant waxes from the oils. 句中 that 为连词，引导（ ）从句。

A. 表语

B. 定语

C. 同位语

D. 状语

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47. If the change in density is small with moderate temperature and pressure, the fluid is termed “incompressible” ; if the changes are noteworthy, the fluid is termed “compressible”.这里“incompressible”和“compressible”分别代表（ ）流体。

A. 可压缩 不可压缩

B. 不可压缩 可压缩

C. 不可压缩 不可压缩

D. 可压缩 可压缩

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48. In some driers, the solid may be in contact with heated metal surfaceswhere the required heat of vaporization flows to the solid by conduction.句中conduction指（ ）。

A. 热对流

B. 热辐射

C. 热传导

D. 复合传热

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49. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying air temperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adversely affect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burning of the dried product. 句中with respect to 意为（ ）。

A. 尊敬

B. 关系，与……有关系

C. 关于，就……而言

D. 所以

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50. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimate contacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more of the constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中refer to 意为（ ），常用于描述定义的句子中。

A. 涉及

B. 关系，与……有关系

C. 指的是

D. 关于

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51. Separation process：分离过程，该短语翻译是否正确？

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52. Steady state conduction：非稳态传导，该短语翻译是否正确？

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53. Waste heat recovery units：余热回收装置，该短语翻译是否正确？

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54. Tube Layout：管布局，该短语翻译是否正确？

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55. Natural convection：强制对流，该短语翻译是否正确？

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56. Heat Radiation：热辐射，该短语翻译是否正确？

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57. Detergency，该单词可用以下句子解释：The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.

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58. Ammonia，该单词可用以下句子解释：A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.

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59. KH2PO4 的英文名称是Potassium dihydrogen phosphate。

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60. ZnSO4·7H2O的英文名称是Zinc sulfate heptahydrate。

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61. 聚乙烯PE的英文全称是Polypropylene。

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62. 工艺流程图PFD的英文全称是Process Flow Diagram。

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63. 苯,甲苯,二甲苯BTX的英文全称是Benzene, toluene, xylene。

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64. Fractionating columns are widely used in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. 吸收被广泛应用于使用大量的液体蒸馏分馏塔的化学加工工业中。该句翻译是否正确？

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65. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator(水箱) in a car, in which the hot fluid is cooled by the flow of air over the radiator surface.关于换热器，常见的例子是在汽车的散热器（水箱），其中水箱中的高温液体通过在散热器表面的空气流冷却。该句翻译是否正确？

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66. As a liquid mixture in the round bottomed flask is boiled, vapor rises up the fractionating column. 当圆底烧瓶中的混合物煮沸，蒸气上升至分馏塔。该句翻译是否正确？

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67. With some hazardous materials, you can provide further protection by using inert gas to limit the oxygen level in the vacuum dryer. 在有害物质存在的情况下，可以利用惰性气体提供进一步的保护，以限制在真空干燥器中的氮含量。该句翻译是否正确？

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68. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through empty space. 热辐射是指热能通过真空传递的一种方式。该句翻译是否正确？

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69. The mixture could exist as a combination of any two or more states: solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas, solid-liquid-gas mixture, etc. 混合物可能存在任何两个或两个以上的状态：固-固，固-液，固-气，液-液，液-气，气-气，固-液-气混合物等。该句翻译是否正确？

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70. 英文简历中求职意向部分无需长篇大论，用短句或短语有针对性地写下相关领域或具体岗位即可：如 Primary school science teacher; To obtain a secretarial position; Customer service representative in health-care industry 等。该说法是否正确。

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71. Which term can correctly be applied to the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)?

A. double replcement

B. neutralization

C. deomposition

D. single replacement

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72. Electricity is carried through a solution of an electrolyte by（ ）

A. electrons only

B. anions only

C. ations only

D. both cations an anions

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73. Arrange in order of decreasing radii （半径） : K Mg Mg2+ Na（ ）

A. K > N > Mg > Mg2+

B. Mg2+> Mg > Na > K

C. K > Na > Mg2+> Mg

D. K > Mg > Na > Mg2+

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74. Arrange the bases ClCH2COO- , CH3COO- and FCH2COO- in order of increasing strength

A. FCH2COO-

B. CH3COO-

C. ICH2COO-

D. CH3COO-

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75. Which gas would be expected to behave most ideally?

A. F2

B. Ne

C. Pl3

D. N2

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76. Which of the following carbocations is most stable?

A. 烯丙型碳正离子

B. 3°碳正离子

C. 2°碳正离子

D. 1°碳正离子

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77. The most significant constituents of petroleum are .

A. nitrogen

B. sulfur

C. hydroarbons

D. oxygen

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78. （ ）is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.

A. crbon

B. oxygen

C. sulphuri aid

D. ammonia

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79. Organic chemicals mainly come from oil,natural gas,and（ ） .

A. metl

B. air

C. water

D. coal

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80. The main constituents of plants are（ ）.

A. oxygen

B. water

C. arbon

D. .carbonhyrates

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81. Modern chemical industry began around .

A. 1860

B. 1800

C. 1790

D. 1856

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82. A batch reactor is def ined as a closed spatially uniform system which has concentration parameters that are specif ied at time zero.句中 which 为关系代词，引导（ ）从句，指代 system。

A. 条件状语

B. 定语

C. 宾语

D. 时间状语

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83. The other limit where the fluid flow is simple is the tubular reactor, where the fluid is completely unmixed and flows down the tube as a plug.句中第二个 where是关系副词，引导（ ）从句。

A. 条件状语

B. 非限定性定语

C. 限定性定语

D. 时间状语

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84. In countercurrent flow, the coolant has been heated before it reaches this region, while in cocurrent operation, the coolant is the coldest exactly where the heat load is greatest.句中连词 while 引导状语从句，表示对比，意思是（ ）

A. 然而，而

B. 同时

C. 当……时候

D. 因为

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85. Essentially constant conditions are known to exist in both the horizontal and vertical directions in both short and long beds.句中含有两个“both…and…”并列结构，意为（ ）。

A. 不但……而且……

B. ……和……（两者）都

C. 或者……或者……

D. 直到……才……

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86. The use of these devices is restricted to the measurement of small to medium volume flows of low molecular weight liquids free of solid components.句中 free of solid components 为（ ）。

A. 前置定语

B. 后置定语

C. 状语

D. 补语

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87. Some are discrete in the sense that they only use two positions.in the sense that 意为（ ）。

A. 有某种影响

B. 有某种感觉

C. 从某种意义上说

D. 在某方面

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88. Some are discrete in the sense that they only use two positions.句中连词 that 引导（ ）从句

A. 宾语

B. 定语

C. 同位语

D. 状语

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89. If the input signal to the controller and the output signal from it act in the same direction, the controller is direct acting.句首连词 if 引导（ ）从句

A. 宾语

B. 时间状语

C. 条件状语

D. 地点状语

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90. The beginner should learn how to draw them properly and cultivate the habit of sketching them on the slightest excuse.句中连接副词 how 引导（ ）从句

A. 宾语

B. 定语

C. 同位语

D. 状语

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91. Note that many of the symbols are pictorial, which helps in better describing process components, units and equipment.本句为（ ）句

A. 否定

B. 祈使

C. 疑问

D. 感叹

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92. A batch reactor is defined as a closed spatially uniform system which has concentration parameters that are specif ied at time zero.句中that 指代（ ）。

A. concentrtion prmeters

B. a atch reactor

C. a losed spatially uniform system

D. a close spatially uniform

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93. Ultrasound is not different from "normal" (audible) sound in its physical properties, except that humans cannot hear it.句中except that引导状语从句，意为（ ）。

A. 除了

B. 因为

C. 包含

D. 尽管

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94. More than 99% of the visible matter in the universe is in the plasma state.百分比percent (或per cent, %) 作主语时的主谓一致，百分比加不可数名词或单数名词时，谓语动词一般用（ ）形式。

A. 单数

B. 复数

C. 不一定

D. 单数复数都行

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95. If the change in density is small with moderate temperature and pressure, the fluid is termed “incompressible” ; if the changes are noteworthy, the fluid is termed “compressible”.句中两个 if 为连词，引导（ ）从句。

A. 时间状语

B. 条件状语

C. 地点状语

D. 宾语

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96. The principle of the conservation of energy states that in a steady flow the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a stream line is the same at all points on that stream line. 该句中the principle of the conservation of energy 是指（ ）

A. 质量守恒原理

B. 能量守恒原理

C. 物料守恒原理

D. 物质的量守恒原理

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97. As this water is evaporated, water from the interior of the sample rises to the surface essentially by capillary action with the solid temperature approximately given by the wet-bulb temperature of the air. 句中the wet-bulb temperature指（ ）。

A. 干湿球温度

B. 干球温度

C. 湿球温度

D. 湿球湿度

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98. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying air temperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adversely affect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burning of the dried product. 句中There seems to be…句型，表示（ ）的意思。

A. 有

B. 存在

C. 似乎

D. 似乎有

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99. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimate contacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more of the constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中so that引导状语从句，意为（ ）。

A. 因为

B. 如此

C. 以便

D. 所以

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100. This reverse operation is called stripping and is utilized to generate the rich solvent so that it may (in many cases) be recycled back to the absorption unit.句中 stripping意为（ ）。

A. 吸收

B. 干燥

C. 汽提

D. 精馏

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